發(fā)布者：抗性基因網(wǎng) 時(shí)間：2023-06-14 瀏覽量：722
摘要
? ? ? 土壤污染是嚴(yán)重的全球威脅之一，給環(huán)境和人類(lèi)帶來(lái)了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。污染物在土壤中積累的主要原因是人為活動(dòng)和一些自然過(guò)程。有幾種類(lèi)型的土壤污染物會(huì)惡化人類(lèi)生活質(zhì)量和動(dòng)物健康。它們是難降解的碳?xì)浠衔?、金屬、抗生素、持久性有機(jī)化合物、殺蟲(chóng)劑和不同種類(lèi)的塑料。由于土壤中存在的污染物對(duì)人類(lèi)生活和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的有害特性，如致癌、基因毒性和誘變效應(yīng)，建議采用替代有效的方法來(lái)降解污染物。生物修復(fù)是一種利用植物、微生物和真菌對(duì)污染物進(jìn)行生物降解的有效且廉價(jià)的方法。隨著新的檢測(cè)方法的出現(xiàn)，不同生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中土壤污染物的識(shí)別和降解變得容易起來(lái)。宏基因組方法有助于識(shí)別不可培養(yǎng)的微生物，并探索不同污染物的巨大生物修復(fù)潛力。宏基因組學(xué)是研究受污染或污染土地中微生物負(fù)荷及其在生物修復(fù)中作用的有力工具。此外，可以研究污染地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的病原體、抗生素和金屬抗性基因的負(fù)面生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和健康影響。此外，生物技術(shù)和可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐中涉及的新化合物/基因/蛋白質(zhì)的鑒定可以通過(guò)宏基因組學(xué)的整合來(lái)進(jìn)行。
ABSTRACT
Soil pollution is one of the serious global threats causing risk to environment and humans. The major cause of accumulation of pollutants in soil are anthropogenic activities and some natural processes. There are several types of soil pollutants which deteriorate the quality of human life and animal health. They are recalcitrant hydrocarbon compounds, metals, antibiotics, persistent organic compounds, pesticides and different kinds of plastics. Due to the detrimental properties of pollutants present in soil on human life and ecosystem such as carcinogenic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects, alternate and effective methods to degrade the pollutants are recommended. Bioremediation is an effective and inexpensive method of biological degradation of pollutants using plants, microorganisms and fungi. With the advent of new detection methods, the identification and degradation of soil pollutants in different ecosystems were made easy. Metagenomic approaches are a boon for the identification of unculturable microorganisms and to explore the vast bioremediation potential for different pollutants. Metagenomics is a power tool to study the microbial load in polluted or contaminated land and its role in bioremediation. In addition, the negative ecosystem and health effect of pathogens, antibiotic and metal resistant genes found in the polluted area can be studied. Also, the identification of novel compounds/genes/proteins involved in the biotechnology and sustainable agriculture practices can be performed with the integration of metagenomics.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02648725.2023.2186330